var line = {
x: 300,
y: 200,
length: 100,
angle: 0
};
var ball = {
x: 0,
y: 0,
vx: 2,
vy: 3,
r: 10
}
// ...
var triangle_x = ball.x - line.x;
var triangle_y = ball.y - line.y;
line.angle = Math.atan2(triangle_y, triangle_x);
var x = line.x + line.length * Math.cos(line.angle);
var y = line.y + line.length * Math.sin(line.angle);